Everything about baby sleep can seem frighteningly high-stakes at3 A.M. in the morning.

Make one tiny mistake in his or her training and your child’s development will be seriously affected: he’ll either end up waking in the night well into his high school years, or worse, develop anxiety, depression, or mood swings.

And with every sleep expert offering slightly different advice on the ideal timing and method for sleep training you may be unsure about who to believe, how to proceed, or which sleep training method you should follow.

That’s where this article fits in – I’m going to help you separate sleep fact from sleep fiction by zeroing in on 6 science-backed strategies that have been proven to promote healthy sleep habits in babies and young children.

Strategy#1 – Learn to Spot Your Child’s Sleep Cues

Like the rest of us, your child has a sleep window of opportunity,a period of time when he is tired, but not too tired.

If that window closes before you have a chance to tuck your childinto bed, his body will start releasing chemicals to fight the fatigue and itwill be much more difficult for you to get him to go to sleep. So how can youtell if your baby is getting sleepy? It’s not as if your one-month-old can tellyou what he needs. Here are some sleep cues that your baby is ready to startwinding down for a nap or for bedtime:

·    Your baby is calmer and less active – this is the most obvious cuethat your baby is tired and you need to act accordingly.

·   Your baby may be less tuned-in to his surroundings – his eyes maybe less focused and his eyelids may be drooping.

·      Your baby may be quieter – if your baby tends to babble up a stormduring his more social times of the day, you may notice that the chatterdwindles off as he starts to get sleepy.

·  Your baby may nurse more slowly – instead of sucking away vigorously,your baby will tend to nurse more slowly as he gets sleepy. In fact, if he’ssleepy enough, he may even fall asleep mid-meal.

·      Your baby may start yawning – if your baby does this, well, that’sa not-so-subtle sign that he’s one sleepy baby.

When your baby is very young, you should start his wind-down routinewithin one to two hours of the time when he first woke up.

If you miss his initial sleep cues and start to notice signs ofovertiredness – for instance, fussiness, irritability, and eye-rubbing, simplynote how long your baby was up this time around and then plan to initiate thewind-down routine about 20 minutes earlier the next time he wakes up. (Thegreat thing about parenting a newborn is that you get lots of opportunities topractice picking up on those sleep cues—like about six or seven times a day!)

Learning to read your baby’s own unique sleep cues is the first stepto a more rested and more content baby.

Here’s something else you need to know about babies’ sleep cues,something that can toss you a major curve ball if you’re caught off guard:

Babies tend to go through an extra-fussy period when they reachthe six-week mark. The amount of crying that babies do in a day tends toincrease noticeably when babies are around six weeks of age.

You aren’t doing anything wrong and there isn’t anything wrongwith your baby. It’s just a temporary stage that babies go through.

If your child becomes overtired, your child is likely to behave inone or more of the following ways (results may vary, depending on his age andpersonality):

• Your child will get a sudden burst of energy at the very time whenyou think she should be running on empty.

• You’ll start seeing “wired” and hyperactive behavior, even ifsuch behavior is totally out of character for your child at other times of theday.

• Your toddler or preschooler will become uncooperative or argumentative.

• Your child will be whiny or clingy or she’ll just generally fallapart because she simply can’t cope with the lack of sleep any longer.

You will probably find that your child has his or her own uniqueresponse to being overtired. Some children start to look pale. Some youngbabies start rooting around for a breast and will latch on to anything withinrooting distance, including your face or your arm! When nothing seems to bewrong (he’s fed and clean), but he’s just whining about everything and wants tobe held all day, he’s overtired and needs help to get to sleep.

Learning to read your baby’s own unique sleep cues is the firststep to a more rested and happier baby.

Strategy#2 – Teach Your Baby to Distinguish between Night and Day

Because our circadian rhythm (our internal time clock) operates ona 24-hour and 10-minute to 24 hour and 20-minute cycle (everyone’s body clockticks along at a slightly different rhythm) and all of our rhythms are slightlyout of sync with the 24-hour clock on which the planet operates, we have toreset our internal clocks each and every day – otherwise, we’d slowly butsurely stay up later and sleep in later each day until we had our cycles wayout of whack.

Daylight is one of the mechanisms that regulate our biologicalcycles.

Being exposed to darkness at night and daylight first thing in themorning regulates the body’s production of melatonin, a hormone that keeps ourbodies’ internal clock in sync to that we feel sleepy and alert at theappropriate times.

By exposing your baby to daylight shortly after he wakes up in themorning and keeping his environment brightly lit during his waking hours, you willhelp his circadian rhythm to cue him to feel sleepy at the right times.

Moreover, he’ll start to associate darkness with sleep time and brightlight with wake-up time – you’ll find that it works best to take advantage ofsunlight (as opposed to artificial light) whenever possible.

Studies have shown that exposing your baby to daylight betweennoon and 4:00 P.M. will increase the odds of your baby getting a good night’ssleep.

Strategy#3 – Let Your Baby Practise Falling Asleep on His Own

Some sleep experts recommend that you put your baby to bed in asleepy-but-awake state whenever possible from the newborn stage onwards so thathe can practice some self-soothing behaviors.

Others say that you should give your baby at least one opportunityto try to fall asleep on his own each day.

Lastly, some others say that there’s no point even bothering towork on these skills until your baby reaches that three-to-four month mark(when your baby’s sleep-wake rhythm begins to mature so that some sleeplearning can begin to take place).

Sleep experts claim that the sleep-association clock startsticking at around six weeks. They claim that this is the point at which yourbaby begins to really tune into his environment as he’s falling asleep.

So if he gets used to falling asleep in your arms while your rockhim and sing to him, he will want you to rock him and sing to him when he wakesup in the middle of the night – that’s the only way he knows on how to fallasleep.

This is because he has developed a sleep association that involvesyou – you have become a walking, talking sleep aid.

Some parents decide that it makes sense to take amiddle-of-the-road approach to sleep associations during the early weeks andmonths of their baby’s life – they decide to make getting sleep the priorityfor themselves and their babies and to take advantage of any opportunities tostart helping their babies to develop healthy sleep habits.

Regardless of when you start paying attention to the types ofsleep associations your baby may be developing, at some point you will want toconsider whether your baby could be starting to associate any of the followinghabits or behaviors with the process of falling asleep:

·      Falling asleep during bottle-feeding

·      Being rocked to sleep

·      Having you rub or pat his back, sing a lullaby, or otherwise playan active role in helping your baby to fall asleep

·     Having you in the room until your baby falls asleep

·      Relying on a pacifier

Here’s something important to keep in mind, particularly since wetend to fall into an all-or-nothing trap when we’re dealing with the subject ofsleep.

You can reduce the strength of any particular sleep association bymaking sure it is only present some of the time when your baby is fallingasleep.

If, for example, you nurse your baby to sleep some of the time,rock your baby to sleep some of the time, and try to put your baby to bed justsome of the time when he’s sleep but awake, he’ll have a hard time gettinghooked on any sleep association.

Sleep experts stress that the feeding-sleep association tends tobe particularly powerful, so if you can encourage your baby to fall asleepwithout always needing to be fed to sleep, your baby will have an easier timelearning how to soothe himself to sleep when he gets a little older.

Most babies are ready to start practicing these skills around thethree- to the four-month mark.

Strategy#4 – Make Daytime Sleep a Priority: Children Who Nap Sleep Better

Scientific research has shown that babies who nap during the daysleep better and longer at nighttime. While you might think that skippingbabies’ daytime naps might make it easier to get them off to bed at evening,babies typically end up being so overtired that they have a very difficult timesettling down at bedtime and they don’t sleep particularly well at night.

And rather than sleeping in so that they can catch up on the sleepthey didn’t get the day before, they tend to start the next day too early andthey have a difficult time settling down for their naps, as well.

Simply put, it is important to make your child’s daytime sleep apriority, just as you make a point of ensuring that he receives nutritiousmeals and snacks on a regular basis – your child needs nutritious sleep snacksduring the day in addition to his main nighttime sleep meal in order to be athis very best.

In addition, babies, toddlers, and preschoolers who nap aregenerally in a better mood and have an improved attention span as compared totheir age-mates who don’t nap.

Strategy#5 – Know When Your Baby No Longer Needs to Be Fed At Night

Your baby may continue to wake up in the night out of habit evenwhen he’s outgrown the need for a middle-of-the-night feeding.

If your baby is going without that nighttime feeding some of thetime or doesn’t seem particularly interested in nursing once he gets up in thenight, it might be time to eliminate that nighttime feeding and use non-foodmethods to soothe him back to sleep.

Eventually, of course, you’ll want to encourage him to assumeresponsibility for soothing himself to sleep, but the first hurdle is to workon breaking that powerful food-sleep association.

With some children, it happens quickly. With other children, it’sa much slower process.

Once you break that association, he may stop waking as often inthe night and may be ready to start working on acquiring some self-soothingskills.

Strategy#6 – Remain as Calm and Relaxed as Possible about the Sleep Issue

If you are frustrated and angry when you deal with your child inthe night, your child will inevitably pick up your vibes, even if you’re tryinghard to hide your feelings.

Accepting the fact that some babies take a little longer to learnthe sleep ropes and feeling confident that you can solve your child’s sleepproblems will make it easier to cope with the middle-of-the-night sleepinterruptions.

Scientific studies have shown that parents who have realisticexpectations about parenthood and who feel confident in their own abilities tohandle parenting difficulties find it easier to handle sleep challenges.